Consumer fraud is a complex phenomenon encompassing deceptive practices intentionally employed against individuals acting in their capacity as consumers, typically for financial gain by the perpetrator and resulting in financial or other harm to the victim. As a research concept and field of study, it investigates the diverse typologies, prevalence, psychological and behavioral mechanisms, socioeconomic impacts, and regulatory and technological dynamics of fraudulent schemes targeting consumers. Key characteristics include intentional misrepresentation, exploitation of consumer vulnerabilities and information asymmetries, and a wide spectrum of forms ranging from false advertising and scams to identity theft and illicit financial services. Its significance stems from its widespread economic and social costs, the erosion of consumer trust, and the imperative for effective prevention strategies, enforcement actions, and policy interventions to protect vulnerable populations and the integrity of markets.